Here’s a sampling: Fairchild Semiconductor is up nearly 5 percent in after-market trading. Analog Devices is up a little more than 4 percent. Maxim Integrated Products, 5 percent. Linear Technology about 3 percent. On Semiconductor more than 5 percent. Intersil, 8 percent. STMicroelectronics, 3 percent. You get the idea: Investors are clearly hoping that another acquisition is soon to happen in the world of analog semiconductors.

TI was already the big gorilla in the analog business. It’s a $42 billion business and TI accounted for about $6 billion worth of analog sales in 2010, and the analog business amounted to 43 percent of TI’s business last year. With this acquisition it goes from being a chip company that supplies the microprocessors for most of the world’s wireless phones to a mostly analog company. A Gartner market ranking of analog chip makers ranked TI number one and National fourth. The combination makes TI an even bigger gorilla yet.

Who’s number 2? Analog Devices, ahead of Maxim and Linear Technology, who are numbers three and five respectively in the Gartner rankings. Further down the list you see names like STMicro, On Semi, Intersil and Fairchild.

So what’s so great about analog chips? They go into everything: From wireless phones to games to medical devices to military and industrial gear. They manage power; help convert light and sound into digital information; and measure temperature or pressure or any other quantity that occurs in the real world. And with all the digital gadgets we rely upon these days, we’re relying increasingly on analog chips of every stripe. Analog sales grew 37 percent last year, which was faster than the chip business as a whole, Gartner analyst Steve Ohr told me.

As is the case with TI and National, there’s bound to be a lot of overlap in products and customers among all these other companies. That suggests that more combinations are likely, though with valuations inflating on the speculation, any company thinking of making an acquisition would probably want to sit tight until the prices come down a little bit before making a move.

In a company statement announcing the deal, TI CEO Rich Templeton described the deal as being about “strength and growth.” He said National had done a good job boosting its profitability and reining in expenses, and that the combination will, upon the close, boost TI’s earnings per share.

TI specializes in wireless chips sold into mobile phones while National specializes in analog chips. TI is in the analog chip business too and has 30,000 analog products in its portfolio, which will now be supplemented by the 12,000 analog products that National sells. In one go, analog products will become more than 50 percent of TI’s business.

Another key factor: National’s manufacturing prowess. It owns chip factories–usually referred to as “fabs”–in Maine, Scotland and Malayasia, and TI says it will continue to operate them.

Terms of the agreement call for National shareholders to receive $25 in cash for each share of National common stock they hold at the time of closing. TI expects to fund the transaction with a combination of existing cash balances and debt. As of December 31, TI had about $3 billion in combined cash and short-term investments, and no long-term debt. TI also had access to a variable-rate revolving credit facility that gives it access to a combined $1.9 billion until August 2012; I’m presuming that the remaining $1.5 billion or so will be borrowed. National also has $879 million and change in cash on its books, but a little more than a $1 billion in long-term debt.

Investors seem cautiously optimistic about the deal. TI shares are up slightly in after-hours trading. National shares are naturally soaring by 70 percent to catch up with the valuation of the deal. One other company whose price I just checked is that of Fairchild Semiconductor. It’s a rival to National in the analog and power-management business. Its shares are up 94 cents–or more than 5 percent–after hours, and there’s no mistaking the speculative hope that it could be the next takeover target.

“We’ve probably exited 90 percent of our businesses,” says Mark Thompson, Fairchild’s chief executive, who recently shifted the company’s headquarters to San Jose, CA.

Not that the remaining products are exactly household words, except in households of electrical engineers. They still have esoteric names like MOSFETs, flip flops, latches, solid-state relays and interleaved PFC controllers.

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Fairchild (FCS) reduced its guidance as well. It had been expecting $338 million to $360 million in sales for its fiscal fourth quarter. Now it expects just $320 million.

Fairchild is the latest semiconductor company to temper its estimates as demand for the computers and telecommunications gear in which its chips are used contracts. Earlier this week, Texas Instruments (TXN), National Semi (NSM) and Broadcom (BRCM) all cut their projections because of lousy market conditions.

Fairchild (FCS) reduced its guidance as well. It had been expecting $338 million to $360 million in sales for its fiscal fourth quarter. Now it expects just $320 million.

Fairchild is the latest semiconductor company to temper its estimates as demand for the computers and telecommunications gear in which its chips are used contracts. Earlier this week, Texas Instruments (TXN), National Semi (NSM) and Broadcom (BRCM) all cut their projections because of lousy market conditions.