Patrick Moorhead, AMD’s corporate VP for strategy and an AMD Corporate Fellow, is leaving the company, and according to people familiar with his plans, will be launching a consumer-focused technology analyst and consulting firm around the time of the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas in January.

Moorhead is the last remaining VP been hired by AMD’s legendary founder and former CEO, Jerry Sanders. Over 11 years at AMD he led the company’s marketing efforts around its Athlon PC and Opteron server chips that led to a bit of a renaissance at AMD from about 2005 to 2007, when the chips won a lot of business away from Intel and thus gave the bigger company a major migraine headache.

To place Moorhead (pictured from his Twitter feed) appropriately in AMD’s history, it was during these years that AMD put into products a concept called x86-64, which essentially extended the x86 instruction set — the underlying code that chips from Intel and AMD share — into what was then the bright new world of 64-bit computing, thus paving the way for machines that could contain more than two four gigabytes of memory and could handle more complex computing tasks.

AMD first put forth its approach at a chip industry event in 1999 — one that I happened to cover for a now-defunct outlet called Electronic News — at a time when Intel was championing a different approach to 64-bit computing by starting from scratch with an entirely new design. Its technology was called EPIC, for “explicitly parallel instruction set computing.” The product that eventually resulted was the exotic Itanium chip, which is today the subject of a legal dispute between software giant Oracle and Hewlett-Packard, which is for all intents and purposes the only company selling hardware that runs on Itanium.

AMD ultimately won that argument and Intel embraced its own implementation of AMD’s x86-64, now common in their mainstream desktop, notebook and server chips, but only after giving Intel and its investors fits over lost market share during 2005 and 2006.

Moorhead joined AMD in 2000 from Compaq and had also worked at the not entirely forgotten search engine outfit AltaVista, which had been launched at Digital Equipment Company, then acquired by Compaq, and is now part of Yahoo.

In more recent years he had been known primarily for being an outspoken advocate for the opportunities in mobile computing. One suspects he’ll have more to say on that topic in the coming months.

This is exactly the sort of problem I predicted in January. That Hurd, who is also a former CEO of Hewlett-Packard and of NCR before that, and Gelsinger, a former CTO of Intel once considered a possible successor to Paul Otellini, have been approached is not surprising, given their tech and managerial bona fides. Nor is the fact that they turned the job down.

The third name jumps out at me simply because I’m not familiar with Greg Summe. His bio on the Carlyle Group site says he spent 20 years as chairman and CEO of PerkinElmer, the $2 billion health sciences company, and before that, he ran the Avionics business at AlliedSignal, now part of Honeywell.

The search is being run by Heidrick and Struggles, Bloomberg says, and the fact that Summe was approached indicates how widely the company is casting its net. The clock, however, is ticking. When I last spoke to someone at the company, not directly involved with the search, I was told that the plan was to have a new CEO named before its next earnings report, scheduled for July 21. That’s 36 days away.

Historically, this is unlike AMD, which has always taken care to have a managerial bench, and like most big companies, has typically had a CEO successor waiting in the wings. Former CEO Dirk Meyer (pictured) was named COO in 2006, tapped by then CEO Hector Ruiz, who had himself been recruited from Motorola’s Semiconductor unit (now Freescale) to succeed AMD’s founding CEO, the colorful Jerry Sanders. Ruiz, however, had been recruited in 2000 because of the surprise resignation in 1999 of AMD’s heir apparent, Atiq Raza, who’s now a tech investor, backing, among others, Violin Memory.

That’s not to say there aren’t internal candidates who could step up. Rick Bergman, senior vice president and general manager of AMD’s products group, has been mentioned as on the list for consideration, though the board has favored an external candidate from the start. But the company has been bleeding talent. Two other internal contenders bolted in February — Bob Rivet, AMD’s onetime COO under Meyer, and Marty Seyer, the well-regarded senior vice president for corporate strategy, who in 2006 personally landed the deal to sell the first AMD server chips to Dell (until then an Intel-only shop) and had been known to occasionally jam with Ruiz on the electric guitar. Other senior managers are bailing out as well. Just last week Jeff VerHuel, corporate vice president of platform strategies, left AMD to join SMSC as its head of engineering.

Meyer’s sudden departure is said to have come after a row with the board of directors, impatient that AMD is not showing up in any meaningful way in the market for chips for mobile devices. The days when it was dealing perennial market leader Intel bruising punches in the punishing business of selling server chips are over. And its overall share of the market for PC and server chips has slipped to 13.2 percent versus Intel’s 86.5 percent as of March, according to Mercury Research. It still makes a compelling case as an alternative supplier for chips in notebooks and desktop PCs, as The Wall Street Journal reported yesterday, but Intel’s lead, given its powerful manufacturing infrastructure — AMD no longer owns its own factories, opting instead to farm those duties out to GlobalFoundries, its onetime manufacturing arm — will as the years progress prove ever more difficult to erode even incrementally.

And even trying will increase the operational costs of an already profit-challenged company. AMD delivered profits in 2009 and 2010, but only after undergoing a massive restructuring to rid itself of its manufacturing operations. Still, the profits are thin: In 2010, AMD reported income of $471 million on sales of $6.5 billion. Compare that to Intel’s $11.5 billion profit on nearly $44 billion in sales, and you see how hard a time even the new, leaner, fabless AMD has competing with Intel.

Competing with Intel for share of its traditional markets is hard enough. If AMD’s board is determined to push the company into the business of selling chips for mobile devices, the path to success looks nearly impossible. Just look at the troubles Intel is having in that space competing with ARM Holdings and its numerous licensees, which include Nvidia, Qualcomm, Broadcom, and Texas Instruments to name but a few. When it comes to mobile devices — tablets and smart phones — ARM-based chips are as ubiquitous as x86 chips are in PCs and servers: They are the standard. Intel’s low-power Atom-based chip has so far been largely unsuccessful in penetrating that business. And if Intel is not scoring any significant wins there, why would anyone want to take on the job of leading AMD into a likely failure? No wonder potential candidates are finding it easy to say no. Bloomberg quotes Gelsinger: “I said no, and I said no again.”

So where does that leave AMD now? There are two paths. First, consider an internal candidate to lead the company. As more external candidates spurn AMD’s approaches, the list of objections AMD’s board may have to hiring internally could shorten. Bergman may get a second more serious look.

The other is to sell the company to someone bigger. That’s another complicated question, mainly because with the terms of its settlement with Intel (or what I like to call the Treaty of Maui) and the terms of its complicated patent-cross licensing agreements that date back the the 1980s, any buyer would have to first pass muster with Intel or find themselves in a very expensive lawsuit. Then there’s the fact that AMD is 20 percent owned by Mubadala Development Company, the investment arm of the Arab Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Buying AMD — at current valuations it would take about $7 billion — would be, to paraphrase Steve Jobs, a “big bag of hurt.”

Even private equity players who specialize in buying troubled companies, fixing them up and spinning them off at a profit, are wary of AMD, having learned well the lessons of the disastrous 2006 buyout of Freescale by the Blackstone Group, Carlyle, TPG Capital and Permira Advisers.

Ultimately there will be no easy options at AMD. No surprise, its shares are trading down by 11 cents or more than 1 percent as of 9:45 am New York Time this morning.

First, the departure has jarred the confidence of investors who have pushed the value AMD stock up by more than 57 percent since September. Shares are down by more than 8 percent today.

Second there’s the problem of hiring a replacement for Meyer, who had been on the job only a little more than two years. I’ve been talking to people both inside AMD and longtime AMD watchers outside of the company and practically all of them have been having trouble coming up with a short list of potential candidates.

For one thing, I’m hearing from people familiar with the thinking of those involved in the hiring process that there’s a strong preference for an external candidate.

Among the criteria are someone with a proven record of running large technology companies, and one with some charisma who can get the marketplace excited about AMD again. While Meyer deserves credit for getting AMD back on relatively stable footing following the divestiture of its manufacturing operations–now GlobalFoundries — and his predecessor, Hector Ruiz, gets the credit for doing the heavy lifting of getting the complicated transaction related to that split, neither could be described as charismatic.

Historically, AMD knows what it’s like to have a charismatic CEO. Jerry Sanders who founded the company and ran it from 1969 until 2002, possessed plenty of it, and some of the more colorful anecdotes about Silicon Valley history concern him. The board wants someone who’s both capable and cool at the same time. Someone who can represent the company well to the outside world, bring an air of stability and competence and elaborate a vision that will move the company forward. That’s a tall order for a company like AMD, whose fundamental strategic problem can be summed up in a single phrase: Competing with Intel is brutal, no matter what you do.

The list of potential candidates isn’t obvious by any stretch. Still in my conversations today, a few names came up, some more idealistic than realistic. One internal candidate who will probably get courtesy consideration I’m told is Rick Bergman, senior vice president and general manager for AMD’s products group. He oversees both the graphics and microprocessor operations and came to AMD in 2006 as a senior executive at ATI, the graphics chip company that AMD acquired for $5.4 billion in 2006. His résumé includes time at Texas Instruments and IBM. He’s described by those who know him as hard-driven and competitive and a capable well-respected manager, though at the end of the day not likely to get the nod.

Another name that has come up is that of Pat Gelsinger, not necessarily because he’d be a candidate for the job, but more as an example of the kind of person AMD would like to hire. Gelsinger was Intel’s CTO from 2001 to 2005 and was senior corporate vice president for the Digital Enterprise Group until 2009, when he suddenly jumped to EMC as president, COO and apparent successor-in-waiting to CEO Joe Tucci.

Finally there’s Michael Capellas, whose name invariably comes up whenever a significant CEO slot comes open. He’s currently running Acadia, a private cloud computing joint venture between Cisco Systems and EMC with investments from Intel and VMWare. Capellas was the CEO of Compaq Computer when Hewlett-Packard acquired it in 2002, then went on to helm MCI and engineered its turnaround and sale to Verizon in 2006. His next stop was the payment giant First Data after it was taken private in a leveraged buyout by the private equity fund Kohlberg Kravis Roberts. He was considered for the CEO job at Hewlett-Packard, before Léo Apotheker was named, but was said not to be interested. He’s got the tech and management chops and has a proven record for getting troubled companies on solid footing. It’s unclear if he would be interested.

Whoever they pick, they may want to do it quickly. AMD has a tough road ahead of it, and uncertainty at the top certainly isn’t going to help.

A bold move for AMD (AMD), which has sustained seven straight quarters of losses, and one that could dramatically alter its fortunes. Indeed, right off the bat, AMD will push $1.2 billion in debt off its books and onto those of the The Foundry Co. “This is the biggest announcement in our history” said CEO chief executive, Dirk Meyer. “This will make us a financially stronger company, both in the near term and in the long term, as a result of being out from the capital expense burden we have had to bear.”