Facebook shares will trade on the Nasdaq exchange for the first time at $38 per share on Friday morning, valuing the world’s largest social networking Web site at $ 104.12 billion.

At $38 a share, Facebook would raise $16 billion in the offering. The company could sell an additional 63 million in over-allotments if underwriters see the demand (which they probably will).

Facebook initially set its sights on a $28 to $35 price range, but the company steadily raised the target amid growing investor fervor for the largest technology compay IPO in history. Earlier this week, in an amended S-1 SEC filing, the company estimated its share price to be in the $34 to $38 range. The final share price will settle at the top of the estimated range, though not over.

Facebook’s offering debuts after a year replete with hot tech IPOs from Zynga, LinkedIn and Groupon. Facebook’s trumps every other. Google’s was the largest IPO in tech history when it raised $1.67 billion in August of 2004. Last year, Zynga raised $1 billion.

But many things about Facebook ramping up to its Nasdaq debut were far out of the norm for tech company IPOs. To kick off its traveling pitch to institutional investors last week, Facebook put together an extravagant, well-produced roadshow video complete with a full explanation of the company’s advertising business, the meat and potatoes of Facebook’s revenue engine. And in celebration of the IPO, the company will host an all-night hackathon at its Menlo Park headquarters on Thursday evening in order to ring in $FB’s debut “the hacker way.”

The mammoth IPO comes despite initial reports of investor reservations about said revenue engine, and General Motors’ ill-timed announcement earlier this week that it would pull its $10 million in ad spend that it reserves for Facebook, citing that the advertisements just weren’t working.

Shortly thereafter, Facebook increased the amount of shares offered to investors on Friday by nearly 25 percent.

CEO Mark Zuckerberg will be selling close to $1.2 billion in shares at the time of the IPO — for tax purposes, he says — though he still holds more than 580 million voting shares, maintaining a firm grip on complete control over the direction of his 8-year-old company.

It’s official: $FB has arrived.

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That brings the company’s highest valuation to just above $100 billion.

In all, Facebook will offer upward of 388 million shares — which includes an additional 50.6 million shares added Tuesday — raising $14.7 billion in the IPO.

Facebook also notes that while the company expected its recent acquisition of Instagram to close by the end of the second quarter, it now hopes to close the deal by the end of 2012. As reported last week by the Financial Times, the FTC launched a routine investigation looking into the acquisition, which would most likely delay the deal until well after Facebook’s initial estimated time frame.

Expect the official pricing to occur this Thursday, according to our sources, with $FB to debut on the Nasdaq exchange this Friday.

Here is a relevant and juicy new detail about Facebook’s acquisition of photo-sharing start-up Instagram, which is buried deep in the new S-1 document the social networking giant just filed:

In April 2012, we entered into an agreement to acquire Instagram, Inc., which has built a mobile phone-based photo-sharing service, for approximately 23 million shares of our common stock and $300 million in cash. Following the closing of this acquisition, we plan to maintain Instagram’s products as independent mobile applications to enhance our photos product offerings and to enable users to increase their levels of mobile engagement and photo sharing. This acquisition is subject to customary closing conditions, including the expiration or early termination of all applicable waiting periods under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act of 1976, as amended (HSR), and is currently expected to close in the second quarter of 2012. We have agreed to pay Instagram a $200 million termination fee if governmental authorities permanently enjoin or otherwise prevent the completion of the merger or if either party terminates the agreement after December 10, 2012.

That means in the deal, Facebook is valuing its share price at just under $31 a share or $77 billion for the whole tamale.

On Tuesday, the BlackBerry maker’s stock closed below $20 for the first time since 2004, dragged down by a Veritas report predicting the company’s market share is globally headed for the single digits. “Clearly, it’s now single-digit market share in the United States — soon, I think it will be single-digit worldwide,” Veritas analyst Neeraj Monga told the Globe and Mail.

Today brought with it more ugly news. RIM shares continued their downward spiral, hitting a new 52-week low of $18.61, well below its book value of $18.92 at the end of last quarter, according to Bloomberg. That move dropped RIM’s already much-diminished market cap south of $10 billion — $9.78 billion as I write this.

A brutal decline for RIM, whose shares once traded at $147.55, and a nasty hit to the personal wealth of its founders, who are little more than half-billionaires now. With 28,143,312 shares, or 5.37 percent equity, RIM co-founder Mike Lazaridis is worth about $523.7 million (assuming a share price of $18.61). With 28,680,490 shares, or about 5.09 percent equity, his partner, Jim Balsillie, owns about $496.5 million.

Ugly. Clearly, Balsillie’s not going to be bidding on any hockey teams any time soon.

That is, unless RIM can get its act together, something it desperately needs to do. As Canalys analyst Tim Shepherd said in a research note today, “RIM needs to deliver new, fresh, exciting products to the market and increase its pace of innovation and execution if it is going to have any chance of reasserting its position in North America. It badly needs to deliver on its potential with its new BBX platform.”

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Today it is among the most valuable companies in the world, riding high on record sales of a string of hit products that have redefined personal technology and our expectations for it. In just the first three quarters of this year alone, Apple has already racked up record sales of nearly $80 billion. By year’s end they’ll likely top $100 billion.

Something to keep in mind today as the market reacts to the sad news of Jobs’s passing.

But amid the inevitable volatility in Apple’s share price the next few days, remember this: Jobs’s absence will likely have no measurable impact on Apple’s financial performance for the foreseeable future, if ever. But his legacy of innovation will — and for years to come. As I’ve written before, it’s Apple, not the iPod, iPhone or iPad, that is Jobs’s masterpiece product, a company designed to set the bar for the industry, regardless of whether he’s leading it or not.

As Piper Jaffray analyst Gene Munster wrote in a note to clients late Wednesday, “We believe the ethos of Steve Jobs, his vision and his work ethic, will forever drive Apple. As such, we reiterate, without hesitation, our Overweight rating on [the company's shares]. We believe Tim Cook is the ideal candidate to continue the work of the irreplaceable Steve Jobs. … While there may be concerns among investors as to whether or not Cook can continue Jobs’ streak of innovation, we believe there is no better candidate to lead the company Jobs co-founded. And in many ways, it will be Jobs and his deeply rooted vision that will always guide Apple and its leaders.”

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Shares in the company rose well over 2 percent Monday, sending its stock price as high as $411.50 — well above its all-time high close of $403.41, set back in July.

The spike, which has pushed Apple’s market capitalization beyond $380 billion, is further evidence of the market’s continuing faith in the company after founder Steve Jobs stepped down as CEO in late August.

[Image credit: NASA]

“If Apple views HTC as one of its major competitors in US market for high end smartphones and leverages these legal tactics to seek royalty payments, this could raise HTC’s cost structure relative to Apple and other Android makers,” Morgan Stanley analyst Jasmine Lu said in a note to clients. “[And that] could adversely affect HTC’s share opportunity if other Android makers are not required to pay the same royalties as HTC in the near future.”

HTC plans to appeal the ruling. But as many an observer has pointed out, preliminary ITC determinations are seldom overturned.

At the company’s annual shareholder meeting Tuesday, Chief Executive Steve Ballmer and Chairman Bill Gates sought to calm investors, some of whom asked if the maker of Windows operating systems and Xbox game consoles would be more valuable as individual companies.

“Is it time to consider breaking this company up?” one investor, grousing over Microsoft’s share price, asked Mr. Ballmer.
Mr. Ballmer, who has run Microsoft for the past 10 years, dismissed the idea, saying it would reduce Microsoft’s value by making it more difficult for the company to compete.

“I obviously don’t think it is time” for a break up, Mr. Ballmer responded, noting that many of Microsoft’s products, including Windows and the Office suite, are sold to consumers and corporations alike.

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Palm lost about half a billion dollars in market value last week after the company warned of a nasty revenue shortfall. And it seems that was only the beginning of what may prove to be a long and painful decline. Investors brutalized Palm (PALM) Thursday, slashing nearly five percent from its share price, dragging it to $5.98 from $6.26.

$5.98 per share. A year ago Palm’s stock was trading at $18.09. Now, analysts like Matthew Thornton at Avian Securities are saying they see it falling to $4–at least in the short term.

Lousy sales of the company’s webOS smartphones have clearly undermined Palm’s efforts to regain its former glory. With the mood on The Street this dark, you’ve got to wonder if anyone believes that’s even possible anymore.

UPDATE: Here’s a bit of good news for Palm. At the Game Developers Conference in San Francisco next week, the company plans to release its webOS Plug-in Development Kit, a set of tools that may spur development or more, and higher quality, third party apps.